Septic tank systems are a lifesaver for people who do not have access to a sewage system. What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of septic tanks? Today most of us live in cities and modern sewage systems take care of everything for us. But what if there is no current sewage system in your area? Bingo! You have it. Septic tanks are special sewage tanks that are built underground to meet sanitary requirements where there is no sewerage network. They are usually used in farmhouses, rural areas or small businesses where there is no sewerage network.
How Do Septic Tanks Work?
You should not consider a septic tank as just one type of treatment system. Although old-fashioned methods are still used in many states, we recommend using more functional designs. There are many different models of septic tanks. No matter how advanced the model is, the mechanism’s operation is simple. Each septic tank has two compartments; the functions of these compartments are straightforward. They are the inlet section, where the wastewater to be treated enters, and the outlet section, from which purified water exits. This operating logic is similar to the reason in domestic drinking water treatment devices.
You have all been to cities where water cannot be drunk directly from the tap. Has anything in these cities caught your attention? Yes, we are talking about the water treatment devices installed in the wells. Just like there, the wastewater enters the intake section, where the substances can settle to the bottom. While solid waste settles in the water, liquids accumulate at the top. This means that the meanings we want to separate from the water are now separated from the water. How is this done? This is the most exciting part: bacteria break it down! These microscopic creatures, helpful to humans in many areas, are also essential for septic tanks. Thanks to this great help from bacteria, dirty water becomes clean water.
Septic tanks need to be regularly maintained and emptied. This is because, over time, the solid waste accumulated in the tank increases, and the tank’s efficiency decreases. Therefore, regular maintenance and emptying are essential to ensure the septic tank’s effectiveness. It is also worth noting that we cannot say that the treatment efficiency of septic tanks is very high. They usually offer a medium level of treatment. Of course, as technology develops, septic tanks will keep pace with this development. We use more advanced tanks than septic tanks 30-40 years ago!
Without these systems, we would still fight diseases like in the Middle Ages! Today’s septic tanks, in particular, have more advanced features. For example, while there were more cumbersome sewage systems in the past, today, this has completely changed, and approaches that biodegrade and treat sewage have emerged and have recently become very popular. These systems are usually installed underground. Their primary function is to clean all the wastewater in your home. This treated water can be used in many different ways. Let’s look at the areas where this water can be used.
Usage Areas of Water Treated With Septic Tank
Treated septic tank water, also known as wastewater, can be reused after a particular treatment in the septic tank system or discharged into the environment. Here are some common ways treated septic tank water is used:
Leach Fields or Drain Fields
In many septic tanks, treated wastewater is discharged into leach fields or drain fields. These underground systems with perforated pipes or chambers allow the wastewater to infiltrate the soil, perform further natural filtration, and eventually recharge the groundwater.
Irrigation
In some cases, treated septic tank water can be used for irrigation, especially in non-food growing areas or landscaping. However, local regulations and health considerations must be considered before wastewater is used for irrigation.
Groundwater Recharge
Properly treated septic tank water can recharge groundwater, especially in areas where groundwater resources are vital.
Industrial or Non-Potable Applications
Treated wastewater may be used for non-potable purposes in specific industries, such as for cooling or cleaning purposes, depending on the level of treatment and local regulations.
Public Water Treatment Plants
In some areas, treated septic tank water may be collected from public water treatment plants for further treatment and reuse in larger municipal applications.
It is important to note that using treated septic tank water depends on various factors, including the level of treatment achieved, local regulations, environmental considerations, and health standards. In some cases, additional treatment may be required before the wastewater is used for specific purposes. Public health and environmental guidelines should always be followed when considering reusing or discharging treated septic tank water.
Types of Septic Tanks and Choosing the Right Tank
If you’re here, you need a septic tank. Choosing a septic tank depends on your location, your budget, the nature of where you live and many other variables. For this reason, please read our article in detail to choose the right septic tank.
We will examine septic tanks under 3 main headings:
- Concrete Septic Tanks
- Plastic Septic Tanks
- Fiberglass Septic Tanks
Concrete Septic Tanks
Concrete septic tanks are one of the most common types used for treating and disposing of domestic wastewater in residential and commercial areas. These tanks are typically made of reinforced concrete and are buried underground.
Key features and information about concrete septic tanks include:
Durability
Concrete tanks are known for their durability and long life. They can withstand various soil and environmental conditions without deteriorating quickly.
Design and Sructure
These tanks are available in different sizes and shapes, typically ranging from rectangular to cylindrical. They consist of two chambers that separate and treat solid waste from liquid wastewater.
Treatment Process
Wastewater flows into the tank, where the solids settle to the bottom as sludge, while lighter materials such as fats and oils float to the top as scum. Bacteria in the tank biodegrade the organic matter in the wastewater.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure proper functioning. Regular pumping and inspection are required to remove accumulated solids and prevent clogging or system failure.
Regulations and Installation
Concrete septic tank installation must comply with local codes and regulations. Proper installation is critical for effective and safe operation.
Concrete septic tanks are preferred for their robustness and reliability. However, their installation requires careful planning, and they can be heavier and more challenging to install than other tank types. Regular maintenance and adherence to guidelines are necessary to ensure optimal performance and longevity.
Plastic Septic Tanks
Plastic septic tanks are an alternative type of septic tank used for treating and disposing domestic wastewater. They are made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or other durable plastics. Here are some critical points about plastic septic tanks:
Lightweight and Portable
One of the advantages of plastic tanks is their lightness, making them easier to transport and install than concrete or fiberglass tanks.
Various Sizes
Plastic tanks are available in different sizes and shapes to suit household needs. They are often available in multiple capacities suitable for domestic or commercial use.
Corrosion Resistant
Plastic tanks are less susceptible to decline than metal tanks, making them a durable option for dealing wastewater.
Easy to Install
Plastic tanks are relatively easy to install due to their light weight. They do not require heavy machinery for placement, which can reduce installation costs.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance, including regular inspections and pumping to remove accumulated solids, is essential for adequately functioning plastic septic tanks.
Regulations and Guidelines
The installation and use of plastic septic tanks should comply with local rules and procedures to ensure safety and environmental protection.
While plastic septic tanks offer advantages such as portability, ease of installation, and corrosion resistance, they may have a shorter lifespan than concrete tanks. Their durability and efficiency depend on proper installation, maintenance, and adherence to recommended guidelines.
Fiberglass Septic Tanks
Fiberglass septic tanks are a type of septic tank used to treat and dispose of household wastewater. Here are some important aspects of fiberglass septic tanks:
Construction Material
These tanks are made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), which consists of layers of glass fiber strands bonded with resin. This material gives the tank strength and durability.
Lightweight and Rust Resistant
Fiberglass septic tanks are light compared to concrete tanks, making them easier to handle and install. In addition, fiberglass is resistant to rust and corrosion, which ensures a longer service life.
Variety of Sizes
Like other types of tanks, fiberglass septic tanks are available in different sizes and capacities to suit household needs.
Chemical Resistance
Fiberglass tanks offer good resistance to chemicals, which can be beneficial in certain soil conditions or when in contact with certain chemicals in wastewater.
Insulation Properties
Fiberglass provides natural insulation, which can help maintain a more consistent temperature for the wastewater in the tank and aid in the biological treatment process.
Maintenance and Installation
Proper installation and regular maintenance, including regular inspections and pumping to remove accumulated solids, are essential for the optimal performance and longevity of fiberglass septic tanks.
Compliance
As with other septic tanks, installing and using fiberglass septic tanks should comply with local codes and regulations to ensure safety and environmental protection.
Fiberglass septic tanks offer durability, rust and corrosion resistance, and ease of installation due to their lightweight. However, their efficiency and longevity depend on proper installation, regular maintenance, and compliance with recommended guidelines.
How Should I Choose a Septic Tank?
Septic tank selection should be based on several factors. Here are some important considerations when choosing the right septic tank:
Local Codes and Permits
Ensure the septic tank you choose complies with local regulations and building permits. Some areas may have restrictions or requirements regarding certain types of septic tanks.
Soil and Ground Conditions
Subsurface conditions such as soil type, water table, and soil permeability will affect tank selection. Soil permeability is critical to tank placement and drainage.
Family Size and Intensity of Use
The capacity of the tank should be determined by the size of the household and its usage habits. A more enormous home may require a larger tank.
Tank Material
Different materials, such as concrete, plastic, or fiberglass, have unique properties. Factors such as durability, ease of installation, weight, and lifespan can influence the choice of material.
Ease of Maintenance and Servicing
The tank chosen should be easy to maintain and supported by local service providers for maintenance work.
Cost
Consider the tank’s cost and installation and ensure it fits your budget. Labor, installation, and maintenance costs should also be considered.
When choosing a septic tank, it is essential to consider local conditions, specific needs, and budget constraints. Making the right choice can ensure an efficient system and compliance with environmental requirements in the long term. Consulting a local or septic tank expert can assist in making the most appropriate selection.
For all your questions, you can send us your questions in the comments section, we will be happy to answer them.